India
has experienced some amazing shifts in the digitisation of payments
over the last two years. Demonetisation brought
about a strong impetus for consumers to switch to cashless methods of
payment.
There has been an increase in adoption of digital
instruments which have been aided by a rise in merchant outlets, and
proliferation of UPI which has simplified money transfer to banks.
Merchants accepting card payments have increased by twice as many
coming to about 3 million merchants with the number of UPI
transactions rising up to 250 million in June 2018.
What’s
interesting is that a major portion of the activity in digital
payments has been led by non-banks. E-wallets and payment
gateways in India
have gained significant prominence. Digital payments are expected to
evolve rapidly in the next few years to overtake cash spending by
2020.
Below
are the top 5 trends that will drive this change:
-
UPI
The
technology underlying UPI enables instant payments from one bank
account to another and is path-breaking. Users are often
inconvenienced when they have to log into websites or apps VPAs.
Third party providers who offer payment apps on top of UPI using open
APIs make this process convenient and almost invisible. This enables
many consumers to access UPI and use it for peer-to-peer payments.
-
QR code
With
the use of the QR code technology for digital payments at merchant
outlets, the need for expensive EDC (electronic data capture)
machines or NFC (near-field communication) devices is eliminated.
This improves the economics of merchant acquiring. A rise in
merchants accepting non-cash payments is expected owing to this
advantage. Mobile phones will be the device of choice for payments
using QR codes. Traditional acquiring models will get disrupted, and
new-age acquirers will offer value added services to merchants in
order to make acquiring business economically viable.
-
Zero transaction fees
Government
incentives and competitive forces are driving the economics of
payment transactions to a decline. The RBI (Reserve bank of India)
has capped merchant discount rates for debit card transactions at
0.4%. Most fintech firms are giving their payments services for free.
This downward trend is expected to continue and will lead to payments
being offered for free with players looking to monetize data through
sale of other financial and non-financial products.
-
Cybersecurity
With
greater focus being placed on customer acquisition and driving
adoption of digital payments, risk management and fraud control
haven’t been as stringent as they should be. Cyber-attacks have
been reported to have caused alarming financial damages of more than
$500,000 to Indian companies in the last 12 months alone.
It
is imperative for digital payments players to embrace new
technologies like biometric authentication, AI, ML and pattern
matching for real-time fraud prevention for digital payment
transactions.
-
Payments space
A large number of new players
have ventured to join the space of payment
gateways in India
in the last couple years. Some of them offer niche solutions. From
the perspective of consumers ubiquity is important, as they look for
instruments that can be used for both purposes online and offline.
This
space is expected to witness consolidation with a few large players
dominating the market in the coming years.